Food additives permitted for use within Europe. Some are always animal derived (such as E120 - the colouring agent cochineal, extracted from dried coccid insects) and others may be either animal or plant derived (such as E322 - the emulsifier lecithin, derived from eggs or soya). (For lists of E numbers that are or may be animal derived, see pages on the UK "Vegetarian Society" and the "Vegan Society" websites).

Individual behaviors that affect food and beverage choices and intake patterns, such as what, where, when, why, and how much people eat.

The combination of foods and beverages that constitute an individual's complete dietary intake over time. This may be a description of a customary way of eating or a description of a combination of foods recommended for consumption. Specific examples include USDA Food Patterns and the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) Eating Plan. (See USDA Food Patterns and DASH Eating Plan.)

Another member of the omega-3 family, this essential fatty acid is also?recommended for heart and brain health. Find it in fatty fish such like mackerel, salmon, and trout. The body converts alpha linolenic acid (ALA), found in flaxseed, into EPA in the body.

Endocrinology is a branch of biology and medicine dealing with the endocrine system, its diseases, and its specific secretions known as hormones. This area looks at issues such as metabolism, growth and development and tissue function.

A beverage that contains caffeine as an ingredient, along with other ingredients, such as taurine, herbal supplements, vitamins, and added sugars. It is usually marketed as a product that can improve perceived energy, stamina, athletic performance, or concentration.

The amount of energy that you use measured in calories. You use calories to breathe, send blood through your blood vessels, digest food, maintain posture, and be physically active. A high energy food is a high kilojoule food.

The addition of specific nutrients (i.e., iron, thiamin, riboflavin, and niacin) to refined grain products in order to replace losses of the nutrients that occur during processing. Enrichment of refined grains is not mandatory; however, those that are labeled as enriched (e.g., enriched flour) must meet the standard of identity for enrichment set by the FDA. When cereal grains are labeled as enriched, it is mandatory that they be fortified with folic acid. (The addition of specific nutrients to whole-grain products is referred to as fortification; see Fortification.)

Are biological molecules that accelerate the rates of chemical reactions with cells.

Essential Amino Acids are amino acids that your body does not have the ability to synthesize. Hundreds of different amino acids exist in nature, and about two dozen of them are important to human nutrition. Nine of these histidine, isoleucine, leucine, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, theronine, tryptophan, and valine?are considered essential, since they must be supplied by your diet.

A vitamin, mineral, fatty acid, or amino acid required for normal body functioning that either cannot be synthesized by the body at all, or cannot be synthesized in amounts adequate for good health, and thus must be obtained from a dietary source. Other food components, such as dietary fiber, while not essential, also are considered to be nutrients.

A type of physical activity that is planned and structured. Exercise is done on purpose to improve or maintain health, physical fitness, and/or physical performance.

Rather than using solvents, expeller pressing compresses oilseeds and nuts to extract their oil. This process preserves the omega 3s and omega 6s from the original seed or nut, and the resulting oil is chemical free.

The bending of a joint so that the bones forming the joint are moved farther apart or straightened.

This olive oil results from the first pressing of the olives and is made without chemicals or high heat, so it contains higher polyphenol levels than other olive oil grades and less acidity (it has only 1 percent acid). Extra-virgin olive oil also contains the anti-inflammatory agent oleocanthal, and EVOO can keep hair and skin healthy. Replacing saturated fats with about 2 tablespoons of olive oil daily may reduce the risk of coronary heart disease, according to the FDA.